Equation: nλ = 2d sin θ. This calculator assumes monochromatic X-ray radiation and ideal Bragg reflection conditions. Peak positions from experimental data may require zero-shift correction.

Crystallography let scientists see materials as systems of ordered atoms, turning materials research into a predictive science. In revealing how atomic arrangements govern strength, conductivity, and ...

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a powerful non-destructive analytical technique used to evaluate crystalline materials and determine their structural properties. As one of the most widely used ...

The individual silica nanoparticles (glass beads, basically) are clear, but when packed together in certain configurations can give rise to flashes of color. This is due to Bragg diffraction off the ...