A long-standing challenge to evolutionary theory has been whether it can explain the origin of complex organismal features. We examined this issue using digital organisms—computer programs that ...

1 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Big Data Integration for Ecology and Environment, Rongzhi College of Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China 2 Academic ...

Abstract: Summary form only given. Early was proposed new types of basis functions for variational calculations of the quantum-mechanical systems with Coulomb interaction between the particles. This ...

Coloring of the codomain/target set: every w ∊ ℂ gets a color, lets call it C(w). To get the color at z ∊ ℂ (where f is defined) one calculates w = f(z) and the color at z is computed using the map ...