Probability underpins AI, cryptography and statistics. However, as the philosopher Bertrand Russell said, “Probability is the most important concept in modern science, especially as nobody has the ...

Probability has a popular meaning that is not the same as the mathematical meaning. As a small-business owner, you may act on hunches, guesses and instincts. After such actions, you might even say you ...

What Is A Probability Density Function? A probability density function, also known as a bell curve, is a fundamental statistics concept, that describes the likelihood of a continuous random variable ...

Students of many scientific disciplines often find difficulties in defining concepts, making and proving claims, etc., that affect their education negatively. If they do not enhance their critical, ...

Perhaps the most enduring idea from the early days of AI is that of a declarative system reasoning over explicitly represented knowledge with a general inference engine. Such systems require a formal ...

Risk management involves a three-step procedure: hazard identification, risk assessment, and risk mitigation in case of unacceptable risk levels. In fact, the hazard identification process should ...